Cross-Diffusion-Driven Instability in a Predator-Prey System with Fear and Group Defense

Cross-Diffusion-Driven Instability in a Predator-Prey System with Fear and Group Defense

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In this paper, a reaction-diffusion prey-predator system including the fear effect of predator on prey population and group click here defense has been considered.The conditions for the onset of cross-diffusion-driven instability are obtained by linear stability analysis.The technique of multiple time scales is employed to deduce the amplitude equation near Turing bifurcation threshold by choosing the cross-diffusion coefficient as a bifurcation parameter.The stability analysis of these amplitude equations leads to the identification wella color charm 050 cooling violet of various Turing patterns driven by the cross-diffusion, which are also investigated through numerical simulations.